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TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
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1994-02-27
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<text>
<title>
(1940s) The Island Campaign
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1940s Highlights
</history>
<link 07833>
<link 07840>
<link 00103><article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
The Island Campaign
</hdr>
<body>
<p> [In the Pacific, MacArthur's Australians and Americans
continued to leapfrog in slow motion along the north coast of
New Guinea. The U.S. Marines began perfecting the island-hopping
techniques that would distinguish their performance in this war:
they worked their way up "the slot" of the Solomons to
Bougainville, closer to the much-bombed but seemingly invincible
Japanese base at Rabaul. In the mid-Pacific, they invaded the
Gilbert Islands, including the coral atoll of Tarawa.]
</p>
<p>(November 29, 1943)
</p>
<p> At Tarawa, the Japs were formidably dug in on nine large
islets which form the backbone of the 22-mile-long atoll.
Twenty-four hours after the initial landing, battlehardened
Marine veterans of the Pacific Fleet and green but tough Army
units, were still fighting desperate Japs.
</p>
<p>(December 6, 1943)
</p>
<p> Aboard one of the many troops transports plowing the long sea
furrows to Tarawa, and later in the hell of Betio, was TIME
Correspondent Robert Sherrod. His story:
</p>
<p> The boat boss said: "From here on you can walk in." The men
in the boat, about 15 in all, slipped into neck-deep water. Five
or six machine guns were concentrating all their fire on the
group. Any one of the 15 would have sold his chances for an
additional $25 on his life insurance policy. There were at least
700 yards to walk slowly, and as the waders rose on to higher
ground, they loomed as larger and larger targets. Those who were
not hit would always remember how the bullets hissed into the
water inches to the right, inches to the left.
</p>
<p> After centuries of wading through shallowing water and
deepening machinegun fire, the men split into two groups. One
group headed straight for the beach. The other struck toward a
coconut log pier, then crawled along it past wrecked boats, a
stalled bulldozer, countless fish killed by concussion.
</p>
<p> The Marine beachhead at this point comprised only the 20 feet
between the water line and the retaining wall of coconut logs
which ringed Betio. Beyond this strip, Jap snipers and
machine-gunners were firing.
</p>
<p> A mortar man 75 yards down the beach rose to a kneeling
position, tumbled with a sniper's bullet through his back. The
wounded man's companion popped up to help, got a bullet through
the heart.
</p>
<p> That was the way it went the first day. The assault battalions
had been cut to ribbons. Anyone who ventured beyond the
beachhead and the retaining wall--and by mid-afternoon several
hundred Marines had so ventured--was likely to become a
casualty. From treetop concealment and from pillbox slits Jap
snipers and machine-gunners raked the Americans.
</p>
<p> Low tide that morning bared the bodies of many Marines, some
hunched grotesquely, others with arms outstretched, all arrested
while charging forward.
</p>
<p> The turning point came about 1 p.m. on the second day.
Millions of bullets, hundreds of tons of explosive poured into
the stubborn Japs. Strafing planes and dive-bombers raked the
island. Light and medium tanks got ashore, rolled up to fire
high explosive charges point-blank into the snipers' slots of
enemy forts. Artillery got ashore, laid down a pattern over
every yard of the Jap positions. Ceaseless naval gunfire became
more accurate.
</p>
<p> But the decisive factor was the fighting spirit of the U.S.
Marines. Not every Corpsman was a natural hero: some quivered
and hugged the beach, but most--those who feared and those who
disdained death--went forward into the Jap fire.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>